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Model diets
Diet Introduction
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Sodium-deficient Diet
Sodium is important for animals to maintain normal physiological functions, and sodium-deficient diet can be used for a number of specific animal experiments. For example, it is used in scenarios where the effects of sodium deficiency on physiological functions (such as blood pressure, nerve conduction, etc.) are studied. Low-sodium diet (LS diet, or LSD) refers to the amount of sodium in the diet relative to the amount of sodium in the animal's normal diet, whereas sodium-deficient diet is the amount of sodium in the diet that is not sufficient for the animal to maintain normal physiological functions. Therefore, a low-sodium diet is not necessarily a sodium-deficient diet, whereas a sodium-deficient diet must be a low-sodium model diet.
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Potassium-deficient Diet
Potassium-deficient Diet refers to feed with a potassium content lower than the level required for normal physiological functions of animals. Potassium is one of the most important electrolytes in animal bodies, playing a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure balance, acid-base balance, neuromuscular excitability, and many other physiological processes inside and outside cells. By significantly reducing the potassium content in diet, animal blood potassium levels will sharply decrease, leading to acute potassium deficiency and causing significant functional instability, making it easy to die.
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Calcium-deficient Diet
Calcium-deficient Diet refers to feed in which the calcium content cannot meet the normal physiological needs of animals. Calcium is one of the most abundant minerals in animal bodies, playing a crucial role in physiological processes such as bone and tooth formation, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. Phosphorus and vitamin D can also affect the absorption and metabolism of calcium.
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Magnesium-deficient Diet
Magnesium-deficient diet refers to the feed whose magnesium content cannot meet the demand of normal physiological functions of animals. Magnesium is the activator of many enzymes in the animal body, and plays a key role in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, neuromuscular conduction and other physiological processes. Magnesium interacts with fructose, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc, fluorine, vitamin D and so on.
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Iron-deficiency Diet
Iron-deficient Diet are feeds that contain low levels of iron, which are insufficient to meet the normal physiological needs of animals. Iron is a key component of many functional proteins in the animal body, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and many enzymes (cytochromes, catalase, etc.), and is essential for processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Iron is not only associated with hematopoiesis, but also with small immune functions, almost all kinds of diseases, and is even thought to be a mediator of the second stage of MAFLD development. Iron interacts with a wide range of nutrients, such as calcium, copper, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, chromium, and sulfur, among others, in the case of minerals, and vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and folic acid, among others, in the case of vitamins. One could almost say that the nutrients that interact with iron are probably the most numerous.
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Zinc-deficient Diet
Zinc-deficient Diet refers to feed whose zinc content cannot meet the demand of normal growth, reproduction, immunity and other physiological functions of animals. Zinc is a component or activator of many enzymes in the animal's body and plays a key role in many physiological processes such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, cell division, and immune regulation. The primary manifestation of zinc deficiency is an effect on the animal's appetite (appetite), as seen, for example, in rats, where a decrease in appetite occurs immediately after about 2 days of feeding with a zinc deficiency model feed.
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Manganese-deficient Diet
Manganese-deficient Diet are feeds in which the content of manganese cannot meet the normal physiological function of animals. Manganese is a component or activator of many kinds of enzymes in the animal body, and plays an important role in many physiological processes such as growth and development, bone formation, reproduction and carbohydrate and fat metabolism. For example, when manganese is deficient, insulin secretion is altered, causing a decrease in glucose tolerance and easy formation of diabetes.
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Selenium-deficient Diet
Selenium-deficient Diet are feeds whose selenium content does not meet the needs of animals for normal physiological functions. Selenium is a component of many antioxidant enzymes (e.g., glutathione peroxidase) in the animal body, and plays a key role in antioxidant, maintaining immune function, and regulating thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Cobalt-deficient Diet
Cobalt-deficient Diet are feeds with insufficient cobalt content to maintain normal physiological functions of animals. Cobalt is an essential raw material for the synthesis of vitamin B₁₂ in the animal body, and vitamin B₁₂ plays a key role in the process of hematopoiesis, nerve function and energy metabolism. If the method of giving experimental animal feed deficient in vitamin B12 to establish the cobalt deficiency model, in fact, this is not exactly a real cobalt deficiency model, from the diet is actually a vitamin B12 deficiency model, and from the animal's internal situation, it is a model of cobalt and vitamin B12 both deficiencies.
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Chromium-deficient Diet
Chromium-deficient Diet are those in which the chromium content is below the level required by the animal to maintain normal physiological functions. Chromium is an important component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF) in animals, which plays a role in the regulation of sugar metabolism, fat metabolism and protein metabolism.
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