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Model
Model Introduction
Medicine added to Diets
Remark
Chronic kidney injury model
Chronic renal impairment is a common result of the continued progression of multiple primary or secondary renal pathologies, and chronic renal injury can be modeled by feeding model animals with adenine-containing diets.
Adenine
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Hypospadias model 01
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation, which is an abnormality of the urethral opening due to urethral hypoplasia. It can be located in any part of the urethral tract from the penis to the perineum, and in some cases, it is accompanied by penile hypoplasia, penile flexion deformity, and circumcision abnormality.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
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Hypospadias model 02
Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, can interfere with the action of androgens and cause congenital hypospadias in male pups when given in excess to pregnant rats during the developmental stages of male fetal external genitalia and urethra.
Flutamide
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Hypospadias model 03
This model applies rats with a naturally low incidence of malformations, and neonatal male littermates with hypospadias can be successfully prepared by feeding diethylstilbestrol-containing (DES) to pregnant rats during gestation. The modeling method is simple, short, inexpensive and easy to observe.
Diethylstilbestrol
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Chronic kidney failure model 01
Long-term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium in life has a toxic effect on human renal tubules, which can cause chronic renal failure with renal tubular damage as the main pathological feature. In the chronic renal failure model established by feeding mice with cadmium chloride-containing feed, the renal function and renal tissue damage of the simulated animals were obvious and characterized by progressive aggravation, which was similar to the chronic renal failure due to cadmium intoxication in the clinic.
Cadmium chloride
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Chronic kidney failure model 02
This model is simple, has a short modeling period, and with the length of feed feeding time can be prepared for mild, moderate, and severe chronic renal failure models, respectively.
Adenine
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Kidney stone model 01
The experimental animal model approach of the present study was mainly through the administration of oxalic acid or calcium oxalate precursors to rats, supplemented by a number of other triggers in order to induce the formation of kidney stones in rats.
Ethylene Glycol + Ammonium Chloride
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Kidney stone model 02
Clinical spontaneous kidney stones in humans are mainly formed by aggregates of crystalline or amorphous material present in the urine, and their generation may be related to changes in urine concentration and physicochemical factors in the urine. The present model replicates the kidney stone model in a simple and easy to control method.
Glyceramide
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Kidney stone model 03
After feeding with uric acid-containing diets, model animals show clinical signs such as reduced activity, depression, pale self-colored eyes, and sparse and uneven body hair. The vast majority of model animals develop hematuria, but hematuria is generally mild.
Uric Acid
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Renal fibrosis model
Aristolochic acid (AA) causes a specific type of kidney injury called AA nephropathy (AAN), which is characterized by extensive interstitial fibrosis.AA is toxic to renal tubular epithelium because it promotes the formation of DNA adducts in renal tissues.AA is unlikely to affect organs outside of the urinary system, and may be useful in the assessment of renal-specific changes. Therefore, AA is commonly used to model renal fibrosis.
Aristolochic acid
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