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Model

Model Introduction

Medicine added to Diets

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Cholestasis/primary sclerosing cholangitis model

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic disease caused by disturbances in bile acid metabolism, characterized by multifocal narrowing of the bile duct, inflammation around the bile duct, and fibrosis. Feeding with DDC feed can establish this model.

3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrotrimethylpyridine (DDC)

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Biliary type/cholestatic liver fibrosis model

Long term bile stasis and inflammatory fibrosis lead to bile duct stenosis, liver inflammation and fibrosis, and most patients eventually develop cirrhosis and liver failure with poor prognosis. Feeding with DDC feed can establish this model.

3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrotrimethylpyridine (DDC)

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Persistent cholangitis model

Alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) is a conventional cholestasis modeling agent that causes inflammatory damage to the small bile ducts of the liver and induces intrahepatic cholestasis injury to hepatocytes .

α-Naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)

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Primary biliary fibrosis/cirrhosis model

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are two typical cholestatic liver diseases. α-Naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) induces cholestasis and liver injury, which further progresses into further progression to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.

α-Naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)

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Colitis model

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, with pathological changes mainly involving the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon or rectum, and clinical manifestations such as mucopurulent blood stools, intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and acute and severe pain. Constructing an animal model of UC by DSS is simple and easy, with a high success rate and high reproducibility, and can simulate the acute and chronic inflammatory process of UC.

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)

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Chronic gastritis model

Chronic gastritis (CG) is the inflammatory response of the gastric mucosa to various irritants in the stomach. When the inflammation damages the gastric mucosal barrier and gastric glandular structure, symptoms such as pain in the middle and upper abdomen, dyspepsia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and even cancer can occur.

Iodoacetamide

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Chronic atrophic gastritis model

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a subtype of chronic gastritis, a chronic gastric disease in which the gastric mucosa is repeatedly damaged by inflammation and other factors, resulting in a reduction of intrinsic glands with or without intestinal adenomatous and/or pseudo-pyloric adenomatous hyperplasia, which is defined as a precancerous state of the stomach.

Ranitidine hydrochloride + sodium deoxycholate + drinking water MNNG

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Liver injury model 01

Isoniazid, as a WHO-recommended first-line antituberculosis drug, the most important adverse reaction is anti-tuber⁃closis drug-induced liver injury (ADLI). In the process of liver injury, hydrazine and acetylhydrazine, the ultimate metabolites of isoniazid, directly react with hepatocytes in the oxidative stress reaction, which may be an important factor to trigger ADLI.

Isoniazid

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Liver injury model 02

Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used clinical antipyretic and analgesic over-the-counter (OTC) drug, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses, but prolonged or excessive administration can lead to acute liver injury or acute liver failure. The specific value of this model is the highly reproducible, dose-dependent hepatotoxicity of APAP.

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

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Liver fibrosis model

Liver fibrosis develops from persistent hepatocellular stress leading to cellular damage and chronic inflammation. This ultimately leads to pathological tissue remodeling and increased extracellular matrix protein deposition, resulting in decreased liver function and cirrhosis.A thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fibrosis model was used to study fibrosis regression because it is reproducible, easy to use, and appropriately mimics the mechanisms of human liver fibrosis.

Thioacetamide (TAA)

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