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Model

Model Introduction

Medicine added to Diets

Remark

Demyelination model

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and demyelination is widely recognized as the main cause of axonal degeneration in MS lesions. The cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model is a well-established model that is widely used.

Cuprizone(CPZ)

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Tourette's syndrome model 01

Tourette-Schmidt syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that usually develops between the ages of 4 and 8 years and is characterized by motor and vocal tics. The tics are sudden, rapid, repetitive and non-rhythmic movements or vocalizations. In some cases, TS follows an undulating course, with one tic appearing and being replaced by another; however, in most cases, the presence of multiple tics accompanies.

3,3'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)

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Tourette's syndrome model 02

Tourette-Schmidt syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that usually develops between the ages of 4 and 8 years and is characterized by motor and vocal tics. The tics are sudden, rapid, repetitive and non-rhythmic movements or vocalizations. In some cases, TS follows an undulating course, with one tic appearing and being replaced by another; however, in most cases, the presence of multiple tics accompanies.

Apomorphine

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Schizophrenia model 01

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology and a highly detrimental effect, and one of its core symptoms is cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction persists throughout the course of schizophrenia, especially in working memory, and severely affects the quality of life and social functioning of patients. MK-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, effectively impedes NMDA receptors in neurons, leading to neurotransmitter transmission abnormalities and synaptic growth of neuronal cells, so MK-801 is commonly used to induce neurotransmission in rodents, and is also used to induce neurotransmission in neuronal cells. MK-801 is therefore commonly used to induce schizophrenia-like psychosis and cognitive dysfunction in rodents (e.g., SD rats).

MK-801

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Schizophrenia model 02

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology and a highly detrimental effect, and one of its core symptoms is cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction persists throughout the course of schizophrenia, especially in working memory, which is the most significant impairment, severely affecting patients' quality of life and social functioning. It can be modeled by adding cuprizone (CPZ) to the feed.

Cuprizone(CPZ)

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Epilepsy model

Epilepsy is a chronic disease caused by abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Epilepsy not only jeopardizes the patient's life and mental state, but also leads to cognitive dysfunction, which is more obvious in the clinical manifestations of pediatric patients. Research has confirmed that epilepsy-induced cognitive dysfunction and disease progression are closely related to neuronal damage in the hippocampus, and that epilepsy is a chronic disease.

Pentylenetetrazole

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Hepatic encephalopathy model

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction based on metabolic disorders caused by various severe liver diseases, with neurological symptoms, clinical manifestations of impaired consciousness, memory and learning ability, behavioral abnormalities, coma, fluttering tremor, dysarthria, pathological reflexes, elevated blood ammonia, and characteristic electroencephalogram abnormalities (high amplitude slow wave). Characteristic EEG abnormalities (high amplitude slow wave).HE is a manifestation of hepatic detoxification insufficiency and failure, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been fully elucidated, and is generally thought to be related to hepatocellular failure and portal vein due to surgery, or to naturally occurring collateral shunts. It is mainly due to the fact that many toxic metabolites from the intestines are not detoxified and eliminated by the liver, and enter the body circulation through the side branches, cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, causing brain dysfunction.

CCl4 and olive oil

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Depression model 01

Depression is a disease with high incidence, high disability rate and high recurrence rate. The main clinical manifestations are pleasure disappearance, will decline, slow thinking, indifference to the outside world, and disabling and suicidal behavior in severe cases. The animal model of drug-induced depression can not only predict the efficacy of antidepressant, but also explore the potential mechanism of depression, and because of its simple and easy, it is often used in the preliminary screening of antidepressants.

Hydrocortisone

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Depression model 02

Depression is a disease with high morbidity, disability and recurrence rates, with the main clinical manifestations of loss of pleasure, diminished will, slow thinking, indifference to the outside world, and in severe cases, disabling and suicidal behavior. Drug-induced depression animal models can both predict antidepressant efficacy and explore the underlying mechanisms of depression, and because of its simplicity and ease of use, it is mostly used for the initial screening of antidepressants.

Reserpine

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Optic neuropathy model

Ethambutol can cause binocular intoxication, and there is no clear therapeutic method to prevent the damage of retinal neuron cells in ethambutol induced optic neuropathy (EON).

Ethambutol hydrochloride

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